The
Fujian tulou (
Chinese:
福建土楼; literally: "Fujian earthen buildings") are Chinese rural dwellings
unique to the
Hakka in the mountainous areas in southeastern
Fujian, China. They were mostly built between the 12th and the 20th centuries.
A
tulou is usually a large, enclosed and fortified
earth building, most commonly rectangular or circular in configuration, with very thick load-bearing
rammed earth walls between three and five stories high and housing up to 800 people. Smaller interior buildings are often enclosed by these huge peripheral walls which can contain halls, storehouses, wells and living areas, the whole structure resembling a small fortified city.
The fortified outer structures are formed by compacting earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, wood and other readily available materials, to form walls up to 6 feet (1.8 m) thick. Branches, strips of wood and bamboo chips are often laid in the wall as additional reinforcement. The result is a well-lit, well-ventilated, windproof and earthquake-proof building that is warm in winter and cool in summer. Tulous usually have only one main gate, guarded by 4–5-inch-thick (100–130 mm) wooden doors reinforced with an outer shell of iron plate. The top level of these earth buildings has gun holes for defensive purposes.
Most of the
tulou (with the exception of the Dadi tulou cluster in
Hua'an county) are found in a relatively small geographical area, straddling the boundary between the
Yongding and
Nanjing counties,
Fujian province. These are administered as a single tourist site (known as the Nanjing Tulou Scenic Area) with its entrance in
Shuyang township (
Nanjing County,
Zhangzhou). Visits to this area therefore usually comprise a tour of the most distinctive and famous across both the "Yongding" (Gaobei Tulou Cluster, Hongkeng Tulou Cluster,
Chuxi Tulou Cluster, Zhenfulou Earthen House and Yanxianglou Earthen House) and "Nanjing" (
Tianluokeng tulou cluster, Hekeng Tulou Cluster, Heguilou Earthen House and Huaiyuanlou Earthen House) tulou groups.
A total of 46 Fujian
tulou sites were inscribed in 2008 by
UNESCO as
World Heritage Site, as "exceptional examples of a building tradition and function exemplifying a particular type of communal living and defensive organization [in a] harmonious relationship with their environment". The inscribed sites include
Chuxi tulou group,
Tianluokeng tulou cluster, Hekeng tulou cluster, Gaobei tulou cluster, Dadi tulou cluster, Hongkeng tulou cluster, Yangxian lou, Huiyuan lou, Zhengfu lou and Hegui lou.
Source: Wikipedia
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Chuxi Tulou cluster from look out |
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Tianluokeng tulou cluster |
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4 concentric ring architecture of Chengqi lou |
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Jiqing lou |
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λinsertion technique of roof tiles |
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Zigzag structure of Yuchanglou |
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Corridors of tulou |
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Five-storey Yuchanglou built in 1308 |
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Stone foundation typical tulou |
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King of Tulou- Chengqilou |
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Buyun building main gate |
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A firearm for defence against enemies |
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Yuchanglou inhouse water well |
Photo Source: Collected from Internet
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