Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines (orChelonii) characterized by a special bony orcartilaginous shell developed from their ribs and acting as a shield. The earliest known members of this group date from157 million years ago, making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than snakes or crocodilians.
Of the 327 known species alive today, some are highly endangered. Turtles are ectotherms—their internal temperature varies according to the ambient environment, commonly called cold-blooded. Turtles breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water.
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